First War Of Independence:1857
Very Short Answers and Important Notes.
SECTION A
(Very short answers and important)
1. Why was the 'war of 1857 ' hailed as the first world war of National Independence?
ANS- People of different cases, communities, and religions of India came together for the first time and fought for independence, against the British.
2. Name the policy used by Lord Dalhousie for the extension of British territories in India.
ANS- Lord Dalhousie used Doctrine Lapse for the extension of British territories in India.
3. What is meant by 'Doctrine of Lapse'?
ANS- This was a policy of annexation which was followed by Lord Dalhousie. The Doctrine meant that when a ruler of a dependent state died without a natural heir the government of the state is passed on to the English Company.
4. Under what pretext was Oudh annexed to the company's dominion?
ANS- Oudh was annexed to the company's dominion on the ground that it was not being governed properly.
5. What happened to the Mughal Emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, after the Revolt of 1857?
ANS- He was deported to Rangoon where he died in 1862.
6. Which is called India's first war of independence?
ANS- The Sepoy Mutiny or Revolt of 1857 is called India's first war of independence.
7. Who was the first to revolt against the British?
ANS- The Sepoys at Dum Dum in Culcutta were the first to revolt against the British.
8. Name two famous Indian leaders of the revolt of 1857.
ANS- Rani Lakshmibai and Nana Sahib are the two famous leaders of the revolt of 1857.
9. The Act of 1858 ended the East India company's rule and the Government of India was transferred to the British Queen. Who became the first victory under this Act?
Or
Who was the first Viceroy of India?
ANS- Lord Canning.
SECTION B
(Short answers and important)
1. State any two political causes responsible for the First War of independence.
ANS- (i) The British policy of annexation of kingdoms under the pretext of inefficient administration of the rulers.
(ii) The Doctrine of Lapse introduced by Lord Dalhousie that imposed unsentimental law of 'no adoption policy' for rulers and the lapse of Kingdom into the hands of the British in the absence of natural heir...
2. Why did the 'Doctrine of Lapse'become a political cause of the results of 1857?
ANS- According to the 'Doctrine of Lapse', if a king died without an heir to the throne, his adopted son could not succeed him. This caused a lot of discontent amongst the Indians.
3. What was Nana Saheb's grievance against the British?
ANS- The British refused to accept Nana Saheb, the adopted son of the last Peshwa Baji Rao II, as the ruler of the Maratha and they also refused to give him the pension which his father was getting.
4. Mention any two social reforms advocated by the British which affected the religious traditions of the Indian people.
ANS- (i) Abolition of Sati Pratha.
(ii) Widow remarriage.
5. Mention any social evils that existed in India during the 19th century. What measures did the British Government take to stop them?
ANS- During the 19th century, the social evils that existed in India were Sati Pratha and problems of widows as they were not permitted to remarry. The British Government passed the Widow Re-marriage Act in 1856 and the Abolition of Sati Act in 1829 to remove those evils.
6. Why did the Indian craftsmen and artisans start resenting the British Rule? Give two reasons.
ANS- (i) Thousands of workers became unemployed as Indian handicrafts and village industries dried out.
(ii) The British annexed princely states and they lost Royal patronage.
7. What was the General Service Enlistment Act?
ANS- In 1856, the General Service Enlistment Act was passed by the British Parliament. According to this Act, the Indian soldiers could be sent overseas. The Brahmin soldiers saw in it slander
to their caste. According to an accepted belief, it was considered taboo for a Brahmin to cross the seas. This Act disregarded the feelings of the Indian troops, which led to a feeling of resentment among them. As a result, they were angry with the Britishers.
8. "The introduction of Enfield Rifles was the major factor in causing the great upsurge of 1857." Discuss.
OR
State the immediate cause of the revolt of 1857
ANS- The Sepoys were ordered to use new Enfield Rifles, the cartridges of which were greased with the fat of cows and pigs.
Both Hindu and Muslim sepoys refused to use them and felt the English were defiling their religion.
9. Give any two reasons to indicate that the revolt of 1857 was an important landmark in India's struggle for freedom.
ANS- (i) The revolt of 1857 was suppressed but the spirit of freedom that had animated the revolt was not suppressed.
(ii) The memory of the revolt inspired Indians to go ahead with their struggle for freedom.
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