Chapter 11. The Partition of Bengal very short questions, answers, and important notes.
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The Partition of Bengal
(shorts questions and answers )👇👇
Q.1. Why the partition of Bengal was necessary?
Ans. The province of Bengal was too big to be administered by a single provincial government. It compromised of Bengal proper, Bihar, Odisha, Chhotanagpur, and Bengali speaking districts of modern Assam.
Q.2. How the policy of divide and rule was applied in the partition of Bengal?
Ans. One of the significant motives behind the Bengal partition was the policy of divide and rule. This policy was applied to create a wedge between the Hindus and Muslims of Bengal. In East Bengal, Curzon addressed Muslims in meetings to explain the real motive of partition to create a Muhammedan province.
Q.3. How did the people express their unhappiness against this decision of the British?
Ans. When the proposal was published then there was a great hue and cry from all quarters. When the partition came into effect the people started a strong movement against it known as the Anti-Partition Movement. The people, under the leadership of great Nationalist leaders, understood the real motive of the partition which was to flare up the confrontation between the Hindus and Muslims. The people felt humiliated, insulted, and tricked. They were ready to sacrifice their lives and face death fearlessly.
Q.4. What did the people do to make Swadeshi and Boycott Movement more successful?
Ans. In all public and Anti-partition meetings all over the region (Bengal), even other States and big towns the call for total boycott and for use of Swadeshi was given. Bal Gangadhar Tilak played a significant role as a leader and soon the Movement gained great force. Young and old men and women of Bengal marched in well-organized processions to protests against the division of Bengal. Thousands of meetings were organized in which British goods were burnt at public places. The crowds disallowed shopkeepers to sell British goods. People of all shades co-operated in this agitation.
Q.5. How the spirit of the Swadeshi and Boycott movements benefitted Indians?
Ans. The purpose of the swadeshi movement was the expansion of Indian industries. The boycott movement was meant to abstain from the purchase of foreign goods. Both the movements were complementary to each other and proved successful. A number of associations sprang up which promoted the cause of the swadeshi movement. Important among such associations were Bande Mataram Sampradaya, the Swadeshi Samaj, and the Anti Circular Society. Both the movement gave impetus to indigenous production of goods and services.
Q.6. What was the reaction of the British Government to the Swadeshi and Boycott Movement?
Ans. The British Government reacted sharply:
(i) During 1905 to 1909, thousands of people were arrested and sent to jail.
(ii) The Government grants to Schools and Colleges, participating in the Swadeshi Movement, were discontinued.
(iii) The British invoked the regulation of 1818, to suppress the movement and arrested and deported several leaders.
Q.7. Discuss how Anti-partition Movement gave a stimulus to indigenous industries.
Ans. The National leaders of the Anti-partition Movement adopted Boycott as the strongest weapon against the partition of Bengal. It gave a stimulus to the growth of indigenous industries. Many factories, mills, and business establishments were set up. Articles of daily use were manufactured in India. Swadeshi textile mills, match and soap factories, tanneries, and potteries sprung up everywhere. P.C Ray set up his Bengal Chemicals Factory. The Tata Iron and Steel Factory was set up only by Indians. All foreign help of men and money was turned down. Swadeshi movement also helped to unite the Moderates and the Assertiveness.
Q.8. Discuss the role of literary and cultural activity in promoting the spirit of swadeshi.
Ans. The swadeshi spirit witnessed the rise of literary activities that fostered nationalism. Songs, poems, popular dramas, novels, and short stories written by eminent writers like Rabindranath Tagore, Ravi Kant, Aurobindo Ghose, and Mukund Das propagated the spirit of swadeshi and nationalism. The journal and newspapers like Kesari, the Mahratta, and Bande Mataram, and Yugantar fostered a new spirit of nationalism in India. The folk theatres like Yatras in Bengal gave great publicity to the swadeshi campaign.
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